Archive for the 'Analysis (Market Calls)' Category

ENDLESS VEEPSTAKES: Why you should never trade on VP prediction markets, and why their probabilistic predictions are as stochastic as Paris Hilton’s daily dress picks.

Chris F. Masse August 20th, 2008

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As I explained in early June 2008, the VP speculations that appear in the Press should never be taken seriously. Most of them (and you don’t know which ones) are a big orchestration of pure lies aimed at creating publicity, or wicked lies in the form of trial balloons. The aims of the political campaigns are to:

  • creating suspense (sometimes false) so as to generate free publicity;
  • sending a positive message to the supporters of each VP candidate;
  • letting the Press do the vetting of the VP candidates;
  • flattering the political journalists by leaking to them;
  • sending out false leaks so as to preserve the surprise for the scheduled announcement day;
  • sometimes, buying time to impose the head of the VP search committee as the most serious VP candidate (remember Dick Cheney in 2000). [Psstt... Funny enough, in the 2008 election, Michael Moore is pulling for Caroline Kennedy. :-D ]

All that means that there are no good primary indicators for the prediction markets on the Democratic and Republican VP-candidate selections.

I want to offer 6 remarks:

  1. Not all prediction markets are created equal. Some have good primary indicators (e.g., the prediction markets on the presidential elections, thanks to polls), while some other prediction markets have unreliable primary indicators (e.g., the prediction markets on who will be on the ticket).
  2. The prediction exchange executives (like InTrade-TradeSports CEO John Delaney) will never tell you that, because their job is to sell their wares, of course.
  3. The public needs prediction market analysts, who can judge the quality of the primary indicators of one particular prediction market, so as to separate the grains from the shaft —reliable prediction markets from unreliable prediction markets. (A prediction market analyst has also other functions, which I will blog about later on.)
  4. A prediction market analyst should have a dual competency —in a vertical (in our example, US politics), and in prediction markets.
  5. The expertise in the vertical (here, politics) should be a major, and the expertise in prediction markets should be a minor. Take a look at these 2 mainstream media news stories: the one written Jack Shafer in Slate (which I linked to at the top of this post), and the one written by Justin Wolfers in the Wall Street Journal. Obviously, the one that shows the most mastering is the one written by Jack Shafer, an American professional journalist who follows US politics for a living.
  6. The consequence of that for prediction market journalism is that the writer should be an expert in a vertical, and the editor should be an expert in prediction markets —and not the other way around.

That said, I wish the very best of luck to our good friends Caveat Bettor (who is betting on Tim Kaine) and Nigel Eccles (who is predicting Joe Biden). :-D

UPDATE: My (informal) Democratic VP-candidate bet is on Kathleen Sebelius. Hint, hint.

UPDATE: Gawker says that Joe Biden would be a horrible choice. I agree. Plus, he has denied to be the pick. He could have lied to reporters, though.

UPDATE: New York Times publishes portraits of all VP candidates.

DEVELOPING…

Free Money On The Table At InTrade

Chris F. Masse August 6th, 2008

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Short that.

Jerry Yang is very solidrelatively solid.

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Producer of the Freakonomics documentary urges devotees to buy the event derivative at the Hollywood Stock Exchange. Price moves up.

Chris F. Masse July 23rd, 2008

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Freakonomics:

July 22nd,
2008
4:47 pm

I am producing the Freakonomics documentary, so I am particularly interested to read the comments to Prof. Strumpf’s guest post.

Koleman properly identified the likely reasons for FRKON’s summer swoon on the Hollywood Stock Exchange. While I cannot provide a definitive explanation for precisely which of those reasons was most influential, I can offer insight into what is actually transpiring (as distinguished from its virtual performance on HSX).

1. Theory: Changes in the likelihood of the movie being made. Reality: The film will be made; it is already “green lit”. I am an independent producer, subject to no studio. The likelihood of the film getting made has not wavered since I originally optioned the cinematic rights to Freakonomics. The only variables have been the scheduling vagaries and other challenges related to using multiple directors.

2. Theory: Changes in the perceived quality of the movie. Koleman posits a couple of possibilities: “funding shortfalls” and “conflicts among the five sets of directors”. Reality: There are no funding shortfalls (I am financing the film myself). None would have emerged yet, anyway. We haven’t even begun shooting the film. The directors will not be working together, so conflicts seem extraordinarily unlikely. To date, they have universally praised each other.

3. Theory: Out of sight, out of mind. Reality: This theory is true. We announced the project in December 2007 and earned a lot of press. Things have quieted significantly since then. We will get another wave of publicity this fall when we have presentable footage. We have another announcement that should generate attention, too (I address that below). Finally, there will be the inevitable surge of publicity when we announce our festival screenings in spring of 2009.

4. Theory: Get the movie mothballed. Reality: Although I am fascinated by conspiracy theories, they don’t apply here. There are no other investors. The Freakonomics documentary is as unconventional as the book. We hope it will be as iconic, too.

My theory: When we moved the shooting schedule from March to September, in order to better accommodate everyone’s schedules, I suspect the HSX investor community got restless. Moreover, FRKON is traded on an extraordinarily small base. Just a few purchases have a profound impact. It only took a few sellers to send the price hurtling downward. Put simply, now seems like a very opportune time to buy FRKON. The graph used shows its low mark on July 13th – it is up approximately 27% since last week and should continue to climb, just based on this blog post.

As a historical reference, I was an investor and Executive Producer for the critical darling, Paris je T’aime, another film that utilized the talents of several directors. It took several years to get made. Historically, omnibus projects just tend to take a little longer to make.

Sam, I appreciate the spirit of your post. I am a devoted fan of Freakonomics first and a producer second. Like you, I would like to involve as many people as possible in this project. Fortunately, we are poised to announce an innovative way to involve the entire Freakonomics community and attract rogue filmmakers. I’ll speak with Stephen and Steven about it, and we’ll announce it here first!

I am pleased to personally answer any questions the readers have about the Freakonomics documentary.

— Posted by Chad Troutwine

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Our previous post

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What I mean by “advanced” and “retarded”

Chris F. Masse July 7th, 2008

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- An event is “advanced” when it is before the others on the timeline.

- An event is “retarded” when it is after the others on the timeline.

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- I use the term “advanced, primary indicator” to talk about the leading sources of information that active traders rely on.

- Last time, in the title, I said that the InTrade traders were “retarded”, in the sense that they were late to compute that Israel will not attack Iran in the second semester of 2008. One InTrade trader (I presume he / she is) took strong exception with my wording. Sorry for that, man / woman.

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RANDOM HOUSE UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY:

- retarded = to be delayed

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Here’s the updated version of the story in question:

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Price for US/Israeli Overt Air Strike against Iran (Rule 1.8 Applies) at intrade.com

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- US Military Chief Says Any Attack on Iran Would be Destabilizing.

- Israel has signaled the U.S. and other allies that air operations to destroy Iran’s nuclear facilities are not imminent.

- Pentagon chiefs fear that Israeli plans for an attack on Iran’s nuclear programme will fail to destroy the facilities because neither the CIA nor Mossad knows where every base is located.

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Price for US/Israeli Overt Air Strike against Iran (Rule 1.8 Applies) at intrade.com

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Explainer On Prediction Markets

Prediction markets produce dynamic, objective probabilistic predictions on the outcomes of future events by aggregating disparate pieces of information that traders bring when they agree on prices. Prediction markets are meta forecasting tools that feed on the advanced indicators (i.e., the primary sources of information). Garbage in, garbage out… Intelligence in, intelligence out…

A prediction market is a market for a contract that yields payments based on the outcome of a partially uncertain future event, such as an election. A contract pays $100 only if candidate X wins the election, and $0 otherwise. When the market price of an X contract is $60, the prediction market believes that candidate X has a 60% chance of winning the election. The price of this event derivative can be interpreted as the objective probability of the future outcome (i.e., its most statistically accurate forecast). A 60% probability means that, in a series of events each with a 60% probability, then 6 times out of 10, the favored outcome will occur; and 4 times out of 10, the unfavored outcome will occur.

Each prediction exchange organizes its own set of real-money and/or play-money markets, using either a CDA or a MSR mechanism.

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How to make a MILLION POUNDS on the rotting corpse of David Davis’s political career (to be used for ethical purposes only)

Paddy Hedges July 3rd, 2008

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1). For the form guide in this two-horse race, please see:

a). THE PRESENT (SHAN OAKES, GREEN):
http://shanoakes.blogspot.com
http://shanoakes.typepad.com
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=33635377720

b).. THE PAST (DAVID DAVIS):
http://www.daviddavisforfreedom.com

2). Mainstream bookmakers such as Paddy Power are not currently putting prices on the Haltemprice and Howden by-election on their website.

Yesterday, however, I emailed support@paddypower.com to ask them what price they would offer for the Green Party to win, and I was given the price of 14-1.
Therefore step one is to email Paddy Power at support@paddypower.com , or call them on
UK - 08000 565 275
Ireland - 1800 238 888
International - +353 1 4040120,

or pop into one of their shops, and ask them to offer you price on Green Party to win.

You can of course also try other mainstream bookmakers.

Paddy Power Politics Website:
http://www.paddypower.com/bet?action=go_disp_cat&disp_cat_id=31

3). If you have been quoted a price, and you wish to (POSSIBLY) make a million pounds (to be used for ethical purposes), divide £1,000,000 by the price quoted, and lay a bet of that amount. For example, at 14-1, you need to place £71,428.57. If you do not have such a large amount of money, and are unwilling to risk such a large amount, you can of course bet a smaller amount, depending on the minimum bet rules of the bookmakers you visit. For example, £10 at 14-1 might make you £140 back, should Shan Oakes (Green) get elected on 10th July 2008, which looks increasingly likely. Of course, you can maximise your winnings by creating syndicates where you pool your resources with friends, family, and other activists.

4). If you cannot get a price from the mainstream bookmakers, you may be able to put on smaller bets at Betfair. Betfair uses a system whereby you bet against others who bet in the opposite direction, so there are tight limits on how much you can bet based on the liquidity in the opposite direction. Post-credit crunch, liquidity is at a bit of a premium, so you may only be able to put on tiny amounts. However, as an example, £2 at 40-1 might reap you £78 (after Betfair have removed their commission) or £11 at 15-1 might reap back £154.00.

Betfair’s matched bets are constantly in flux, so it is worth monitoring it if you wish to use it.

Betfair Politics Zone:
http://politicszone.betfair.com/zone

Betfair Haltemprice and Howden:
http://www.betfair.com/Index.do?mi=21056183&ex=1&rfr=3925suid=3925&bspi=3925

5). Please also use InTrade. I haven’t worked out how to use this yet.

6). Obviously, it is possible for you to lose your money. If you are not willing to accept that risk, please do not bet. Furthermore, if you believe all gambling to be wrong, or gambling on politics to be wrong, please ignore this advice entirely.

7). If you do bet and Shan Oakes is elected, please consider sending a proportion of your earnings (eg half) to the Green Party. If not, please at least consider sending a proportion to a social or environmental organisation. Please also consider sending me 1% of your earnings at paddyhedges@gmail.com, as a reward for having come up with the idea. Of course, copyleft ideas cannot be copyrighted, and you are under no obligation whatsoever to send me the 1%, though I would appreciate it enormously.

8). If Shan Oakes is not elected (which looks increasingly unlikely), please do not come after me (at paddyhedges@gmail.com) with malice aforethought. Any risks taken are taken on by those betting, and candidates can be unelected as much as elected, just as house prices can (and are) coming down. The housing bubble has burst. So has David Davis’s so-called ‘freedom’ bandwagon, whose wheels didn’t work after all. Davis supported 28 days without trial and voted for ID cards in 2004, so his ‘crusade for liberty’ is, very obviously, naked leadership positioning. Verily the Emperor weareth no clothes. That doesn’t mean, however, that the voters of H&H are incapable of returning him to rob us off our taxation on his salary, expenses, and second home allowances all over again, and take us into another ill-judged and illegal colonial misadventure such as an invasion of Iran. Hopefully, however, they will see sense and choose not to, and instead reward Shan Oakes’s positivity by returning her to Westminster with a landslide.

9). To help the flow, please donate as much as you can to the Shan Oakes campaign. You can donate using the online button at http://shanoakes.blogspot.com.

It’s the ecolonomy, stupid!

ECOLONOMICS INSTITUTE:
http://www.instituteofecolonomics.org/

RAOUL VANEIGEM: CORPSES IN THEIR MOUTHS
http://www.scenewash.org/lobbies/chainthinker/situationist/vaneigem/rel/rel08.html

IAN BROWN: CORPSES IN THEIR MOUTHS:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4jQf-BeaMA

IAN BROWN: ILLEGAL ATTACKS:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqfBH1IJkWo

Love from Paddy Hedges
Anti-Hedge Fund Manager (AHFM)

Don’t trade on the VP predictions markets. — Don’t bet on Hillary Clinton as VP. — Don’t listen to betting bloggers who tell you that Hillary Clinton has a chance to be on the Democratic ticket. — Don’t believe in “vice presidential selection committees”. — Select well your primary, advanced indicators. — Choose your bets carefully.

Chris F. Masse June 5th, 2008

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The topic of this post is:

Betting & Information

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#1. Don’t trade on the VP predictions markets.

I have stong reservations about those VP prediction markets. Only 2 men in the world know what is going to happen: Barack Obama, and John McCain.

You can’t divine their final thoughts.

Politicians often lie about their intentions —they also change mind, frequently.

The decision to name one VP nominee could be made in secret —without any early warnings.

Surprise is a card that Barack Obama and John McCain could play. Don’t bet against their final will.

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#2. Don’t believe in “vice presidential selection committees”.

Last time, in 2000, a man named Dick Cheney was appointed to head George W. Bush’s vice presidential selection committee.

He was supposed to scout around to find and assess good candidates.

Surprise, surprise, that fake committee ended up putting Dick Cheney on the Republican ticket —and the rest is history (Iraq war, etc.).

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#3. Don’t bet on Hillary Clinton as VP.

She does not have the slightest chance.

It’s highly unlikely that Barack Obama selects her on the Democratic ticket.

Hillary Clinton as VP nominee (and as VP) would present many quasi insurmountable problems.

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#4. Don’t listen to betting bloggers who tell you that Hillary Clinton has a chance to be on the Democratic ticket.

They are clueless.

Don’t read clueless people. They are a waste of time.

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#5. Select well your primary, advanced indicators.

  1. Go to the sources of information. Discard filters. Your insatiable curiosity should drive your search for information.
  2. Use technology to select the best news articles out there. Bookmark Memeorandum for US politics (and TechMeme for information technology) —they use bloggers’ links to select what’s hot, a bit like Google’s PageRank does.
  3. Use the crowd to sense what’s hot or to discover marginally interesting tidbits. I have 56 friends on Google Reader who share their best items with me. I got many interesting stories that way, every day, from sources I would have never known about, otherwise. (Plus, I receive many e-mails each day from potential sources.)

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#6. Choose your bets (and trades) carefully.

Just because an event derivative is cheap doesn’t mean that it’s a good bet.

Don’t pluck down money on a bet unless you’ve seriously researched the topic by yourself —and possesses some expertise or experience in that field.

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FOLLOW-UP POST: 2 days after my ringing the alarm bell… THE FREE FALL

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InTrade

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Democratic Vice President Nominee

Price for 2008 Democratic Vice-Presidential Nominee at intrade.com

Price for 2008 Democratic Vice-Presidential Nominee at intrade.com

Price for 2008 Democratic Vice-Presidential Nominee at intrade.com

Price for 2008 Democratic Vice-Presidential Nominee at intrade.com

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Republican Vice President Nominee

Price for 2008 Republican Vice-Presidential Nominee at intrade.com

Price for 2008 Republican Vice-Presidential Nominee at intrade.com

Price for 2008 Republican Vice-Presidential Nominee at intrade.com

Price for 2008 Republican Vice-Presidential Nominee at intrade.com

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BetFair

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Next Vice President:

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Democratic Ticket

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Democratic Vice President Nominee

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Republican Vice President Nominee

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NewsFutures

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Barack Obama will pick a woman as running mate.

© NewsFutures

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Explainer On Prediction Markets

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Prediction markets produce dynamic, objective probabilistic predictions on the outcomes of future events by aggregating disparate pieces of information that traders bring when they agree on prices. Prediction markets are meta forecasting tools that feed on the advanced indicators (i.e., the primary sources of information). Garbage in, garbage out… Intelligence in, intelligence out…

A prediction market is a market for a contract that yields payments based on the outcome of a partially uncertain future event, such as an election. A contract pays $100 only if candidate X wins the election, and $0 otherwise. When the market price of an X contract is $60, the prediction market believes that candidate X has a 60% chance of winning the election. The price of this event derivative can be interpreted as the objective probability of the future outcome (i.e., its most statistically accurate forecast). A 60% probability means that, in a series of events each with a 60% probability, then 6 times out of 10, the favored outcome will occur; and 4 times out of 10, the unfavored outcome will occur.

Each prediction exchange organizes its own set of real-money and/or play-money markets, using either a CDA or a MSR mechanism.

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Asymmetry in Obama nomination market

Jason Ruspini May 24th, 2008

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As of today, on regular margin, it would take roughly $10,000 to raise the probability of nomination by 0.5%, but only $1,000 to lower it by 10%, briefly.

Even for profit-takers, a roughly 30% after-fees annualized return seems like a lot to forgo.

This with Gore still well-bid at 2%.

2009 tax futures yielding 1.5%

Jason Ruspini February 24th, 2008

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The “>34″ contracts are being offered at 96. If you discount the possibility of the marginal tax rate for that year being below 34%, this is an annual yield of about 1.5%, after transaction fees. The 2010 “>34″s are paying around 1.35% and the 2011s, 1.2%. Buying any of those allows you to sell higher contracts on the ladder at reduced margin, as described before.

A possible trade that stands out on the board is to sell the 2010 “>36″s in the high 70s and buy the 2010 “>38″s for 50. I don’t see how a spread of 30 is warranted there, as any legislation that accelerates the Bush tax cuts sunset will likely put the highest marginal rate at 39.6%, higher than 38% at least. That is, I think the market’s implied probability of the rate ending-up in the 36-38 bin is too high. This trade would make roughly a 39% return on frozen margin, which could be improved to 50% by additionally buying the “>34″s at 95. (unannualized)

Iowa Caucus: British blogger Mike Smithson is selling Hillary Clinton short.

Chris F. Masse December 7th, 2007

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Mike Smithson in the Financial Times today:

[...] Feeding the development of political gambling is in his own interest. Mr Smithson estimates that there are as few as 1,500 regular political gamblers [*] in the UK, although the number swells to millions on the eve of an election. US constraints on online gambling have impeded the development of a political gambling market there. But Britons are just as happy to bet on US elections as their own. Mr Smithson says British wagers on the 2004 presidential election totalled £35m, against maybe £25m of bets on the UK Parliamentary election the following year [in 2005]. [...]

[About] the US race[.] “I am quite heavily committed at the moment,” says Mr Smithson. The market is moving fast as perceptions of candidates change rapidly in the run-up to the January 3 Iowa caucus. “I think Hillary Clinton is not going to do as well as people are expecting,” says Mr Smithson. “I am a Hillary seller at the moment.” Among Republican candidates, Mr Smithson is a bull of Mike Huckabee, an old-fashioned conservative from Arkansas. “I think he is going to do quite well in Iowa.”

But is the political betting market any good at predicting real-life outcomes? “I think it is,” says Mr Smithson. But if you want to consistently profit from it, he says, you have to exit before the actual elections arrive.

[*] Political bettors and traders, I’d say. :-D

Separating cheap talk from truly held beliefs

Michael Giberson November 26th, 2007

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Plight of the Fortune Tellers: Why We Need to Manage Financial Risk Differently

In his book, Plight of the Fortune Tellers, Riccardo Rebonato describes how an invitation to bet can be used to separate cheap talk from truly held beliefs (and, in the process, ruin an otherwise engaging dinner conversation).

In the early to mid 1990s in the United Kingdom and in other European countries a widespread fear developed that a variant form of CJD might spread to humans. CJD is a fatal illness—also know as “mad cow disease”—that is well-known to affect bovines. The variant form was thought to have contaminated human beings via the ingestion of beef from cattle affected by the disease. … When the first human cases appeared scientists did not know whether they were observing the tip of an iceberg or whether the relatively few observed cases, tragic as they were, constituted a rather limited and circumscribed occurrence. “Expert scientists” were soon willing to go on record with statements to the effect that “it could not be excluded” that a catastrophe was unfolding. The nonscientific press was all too eager to jump on the bandwagon, and extravagant claims were soon presented, such as that hundreds of thousands, or perhaps even millions, of lives could be lost over the next decade. Specific probabilities were not stated, but the prominence of the reporting only made sense if the possibility of this catastrophic event was nonnegligible: the newspapers, at least judging by the inches of column space devoted to the topic, were not talking about a risk as remote as being hit by a meteorite.

As the months went by … the number of cases did not significantly increase…. Looking at the data available at the time with a statistical eye, I was becoming increasingly convinced that the magnitude of the potential effect was being greatly exaggerated. At just the same time, a well-educated, but nonscientist, friend of mine (a university lecturer) was visiting London and we decided to meet for dinner. As the conversation moved from one topic to another, he expressed a strong belief, formed by reading the nonscientific press, that the spread of CJD would be a major catastrophe for the U.K. population in the next five to ten years. He was convinced, he claimed, that “hundreds of thousands of people” would succumb to the disease. … I challenged him to enter a bet, to be settled in ten years’ time, that the number of occurrences would not be consistent with a major epidemic. My friend refused to take me up on my offer, despite my very attractive odds (attractive, that is, given his stated subjective probabilities). He claimed that “one does not bet on these things”; that he found my proposal distasteful; that, anyhow, he was not a betting man; and so on. I explained that I was not trying to gain material advantage from a possible human disaster, but I was simply probing the strength of his convictions on the matter. Ultimately, the bet was not entered, and the evening was rather spoiled by my proposal.

Julian Simon’s bet with Paul Erhlich is perhaps the most famous example of the use of a bet to test the strength of convictions. Robin Hanson has done a substantial amount of work on the foundations of such “Idea Futures” mechanisms. A similar concept underlies Long Bets and the Simon Exchange.

At Long Bets they say, “Long Bets is about taking personal responsibility for ideas and opinions.” That is the basic idea I had in mine when I suggested that “it would be a real public service to run well-conceived prediction markets based on the grandiose political pronouncements of the ‘chattering classes’.” It is all about an author taking personal responsibility for the opinions he publishes by, in effect via the prediction market, offering to fund countering opinions on well-defined claims if and only if those countering opinions turn out to be true.

(See also Chris Masse’s post. I’m not claiming any originality on my part here, I’m just trying to nudge the idea closer to common practice by suggesting a potentially interesting and fruitful area of application.)

Naomi Klein? Ann Coulter? Pat Buchanan? Michael Moore? Maybe they believe what they write, and would be willing to subsidize a prediction market out of their book royalties to demonstrate the strength of their convictions. Or how about the books from the current crop of U.S. presidential candidates—I wonder if these books contain any claims that are specific and substantive enough to be either true or false.

If such punditry-based prediction markets were common, mistaken-but-honest demagogues (those pundits who actually believe what they write, and are willing to stand behind it) would end up subsidizing more thoughtful analysts participating in the markets; correct honest demagogues would end up taking home larger financial rewards; and dishonest demagogues would dissemble, seek to avoid being pinned down on specific claims, and when pressed for actionable claims they would run and hide.

[Cross posted at Knowledge Problem.]

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