SophistPundit – Finite Mathematics

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SophistPundit:

Set Theory

  1. Introduction
  2. The Inclusion-Exclusion Principle
  3. TI-83 Calculator Trick: Set Unions/Incercepts
  4. Permutations and Combinations
  5. The Binomial Theorem
  6. The Story Thusfar: A Cram Session Special
  7. Partitions and Multinomial Coefficients

Probability

  1. Introduction
  2. Experiment Probability vs. Probability of Outcome
  3. Calculating Probability for specific Events
  4. Conditional Probability and Related Lessons
  5. Bayes&#8217- Theorum

Statistics

  1. Introduction
  2. Binomial Trials
  3. Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation
  4. The Normal Distribution

Reminder: Corporate Applications of Prediction Markets Conference (1 November)

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The conference will be held next Thursday (1 November) at the Kauffman Foundation in Kansas City. All of the details are available on the conference webpage (http://people.ku.edu/~cigar/PMConf_2007) and the schedule is listed below.

I am pleased to note that Mat Fogarty (Founder and CEO, Xpree) and Alexander Costakis (Managing Director, HSX) have been added to the program.

Please get in touch with me ([email protected]) if you are interested in attending or have any questions.

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Schedule

8:30 Registration, Coffee, Opening Remarks

9:00 Lessons from Corporate Applications of Prediction Markets

Henry Berg, Microsoft

Discussant: Robin Hanson (George Mason Department of Economics)

Christina Ann LaComb, GE (The Imagination Market- abstract is free, text is gated)

Discussant: Marco Ottaviani (Kellogg School of Management, Management and Strategy)

10:45 Coffee Break

11:00 Lessons from Corporate Applications of Prediction Markets (cont)

Dawn Keller, Best Buy (Best Buy’s TAGTRADE Market)

Discussant: Paul Rhode (Department of Economics. Eller College of Management, University of Arizona)

Bo Cowgill, Google (Putting Crowd Wisdom to Work)

Discussant: Eric Zitzewitz (Dartmouth Department of Economics)

12:45 Lunch

Keynote address: Jim Lavoie, Co-Founder and CEO, Rite-Solutions

1:45 Lessons from Prediction Market Organizers and Operators

John Delaney, Founder and CEO, Intrade

David Perry, Co-Founder and President, Consensus Point

Mat Fogarty, Founder and CEO, Xpree Inc

3:15 Break (refreshments)

3:30 The Legal Playing Field

Tom W. Bell, Chapman University School of Law

Discussant: Robert E. Litan (VP Research and Policy at the Kauffman Foundation, Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, Director of the AEI-Brookings Joint Center on Regulatory Studies)

4:15 General Discussion

Alexander Costakis (Managing Director, Hollywood Stock Exchange) will also be available to answer questions and may make a short presentation.

Previous blog posts by Koleman Strumpf:

  • Prediction Markets in the Classroom: Inkling Markets
  • Slides of presentations from Conference on Corporate Applications of Prediction/Information Markets (1 November), Kansas City
  • Summary of Conference on Corporate Applications of Prediction/Information Markets (1 November), Kansas City
  • Conference: Corporate Applications of Prediction/Information Markets (Thursday, 1 November 2007)
  • Copernican Principle: How To Predict the End of the World
  • Win Justin’s Money? (re: Is there manipulation in the Hillary Clinton Intrade market? Redux.)
  • Is there manipulation in the Hillary Clinton Intrade market?

Who wrote the broadest definition of prediction markets?

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Certainly not Chris Masse, says Emile Servan-Schreiber of NewsFutures:

[…] No, HSX box-office predictions are forecasts, not event probabilities, so if you restrict the definition to event probabilities, you exclude most of HSX. Same for “vote-share” markets at IEM. […]

Read the whole conversation (including the last Jason Ruspini comment) and decide for yourself. Now that Robin Hanson left us high and dry, who will write the broadest definition of prediction markets?

ZDNET rides the prediction markets hype.

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Dion Hinchcliffe on applying the concept of &#8220-Enterprise 2&#8243-:

I’ve witnessed prediction markets in particular become enormously popular in the last year or so as enterprises seek to better tap into the cumulative wisdom of their workers.

If only 5% of the Fortune-500 firms are currently experimenting with an internal prediction exchange (betting exchange), then you shouldn&#8217-t use the words&#8230- &#8220-enormously popular&#8221-&#8230- yet.

Network Effects = Network Externalities

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Network Effects = Network Externalities

Wikipedia:

A network effect is a characteristic that causes a good or service to have a value to a potential customer which depends on the number of other customers who own the good or are users of the service. In other words, the number of prior adopters is a term in the value available to the next adopter.

One consequence of a network effect is that the purchase of a good by one individual indirectly benefits others who own the good — for example by purchasing a telephone a person makes other telephones more useful. This type of side-effect in a transaction is known as an externality in economics, and externalities arising from network effects are known as network externalities. The resulting bandwagon effect is an example of a positive feedback loop. […]

Network effect business examples

Financial exchanges

Stock exchanges and derivatives exchanges feature a network effect. Market liquidity is a major determinant of transaction cost in the sale or purchase of a security, as a bid-ask spread exists between the price at which a purchase can be done versus the price at which the sale of the same security can be done. [*] As the number of buyers and sellers on an exchange increases, liquidity increases, and transaction costs decrease. This then attracts a larger number of buyers and sellers to the exchange.

The network advantage of financial exchanges is apparent in the difficulty that startup exchanges have in dislodging a dominant exchange. For example, the Chicago Board of Trade has retained overwhelming dominance of trading in US Treasury Bond futures despite the startup of Eurex US trading of identical futures contracts. Similarly, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange has maintained a dominance in trading of Eurobond interest rate futures despite a challenge from Euronext.Liffe. […]

[*] Niall O&#8217-Connor should report on bid-ask spreads, not just on dollar value of matched bets, when comparing BetFair with its competitors.

Are Prediction Markets Constitutional?

I think so*, although it could be a matter for states to decide, and not so much the federal government. In that scenario, my thought is that some liberal (in the classic sense) states will allow experimentation with prediction markets, and the informational value (at least over surveys and polls) will eventually sweep the nation. But that could take decades.

I was thinking about the constitutionality of prediction markets when reading Gary McDowell&#8217-s &#8220-The War For the Constitution&#8221-:

Warren Burger summed it up for many when he described Mr. Bork as simply the best qualified nominee in the former chief justice&#8217-s own professional lifetime &#8212- a span of years that included the appointments of such judicial luminaries as Benjamin Cardozo, Hugo Black and Felix Frankfurter. Such praise was no empty exaggeration.

A former Yale law professor and U.S. Solicitor General, Mr. Bork was, at the time of his nomination, a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. When he was a circuit court judge, Mr. Bork&#8217-s opinions not only were never overruled on appeal, but on several occasions his dissents were adopted by the Supreme Court as its majority view.

In an earlier day such an appointment would have been celebrated as adding breadth, depth and luster to the highest bench. Instead, the nominee faced a mauling by those who set out not only to destroy him personally but to discredit all that he stood for as a jurist.

It was immediately clear that the unprecedented vote of 58-42 against his confirmation reflected something far more historic and fundamental than an ordinary partisan standoff. The confrontation in fact had been one of the most cataclysmic and divisive events in American domestic politics during the second half of the 20th century. The reason was that Mr. Bork&#8217-s opponents succeeded in making the fight over his nomination into a contest over the future of the Constitution.

* * *

Time has shown that Mr. Bork&#8217-s theory of constitutional interpretation remains very much alive- he was defeated but his central idea was never discredited. That theory of interpretation and its implicit belief in restrained judging should continue to guide anyone who believes that the inherent arbitrariness of government by judiciary is not the same thing as the rule of law.

One thing that is more scary than irrational voters is whimsical judges. And I know a few, personally.

*Off the top of my head, free speech and peaceful assembly seem to enable our rights to prediction markets.

UPDATE: Chris Masse linked prediction markets to the right to privacy here last year. I&#8217-m not sure that is as relevant as speech and assembly&#8211-the whole point being prices from prediction markets is a public good (even as I concede that the anonymity of traders improves prices). But what do I know&#8211-I&#8217-m not an attorney or judge, just someone who knows a lot of them.

UPDATE: Tom Bell, on the Constitution&#8217-s call for progress in science and arts.

UPDATE: Alvin Roth, on the repugnance of markets (including prediction markets in terror). This reframes my point&#8211-constitutional repugnance is good, fleeting cultural repugnance is irrelevant. Just as slavery markets were not repugnant yesterday (but unconstitutional), so prediction markets are repugnant today (but constitutional)!

Cross posted from Caveat Bettor.

Read the previous blog posts by Caveat Bettor:

  • The Democrat SC Showdown: Intrade v. Zogby
  • Zogby beats Intrade in predicting Nevada caucus winner Clinton.
  • The GOP SC and Dem NV Showdown: Intrade v. Zogby
  • Latest Intrade v. Zogby contest is up.
  • Who said prediction markets were perfect?
  • Intrade markets and Zogby polls agree in New Hampshire
  • The Iowa Showdown: Zogby v. Intrade

The Collateral Damages of Growing BioFuel

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Two things I heard this morning on the radio:

  1. Now, half of the corn cultivated in the US is for biofuel. Abroad, we see the same trend: more and more crops end up in gas tanks. The result of that is that is that the price of food has gone up for the Earth&#8217-s poors. The Food and Drug Administration of the United Nations (FAO) has issued a report predicting some kind of riots by hungry protesters.
  2. Before they can grow &#8220-oil palm trees&#8221- (is that Jatropha?), they have to burn the forests, thus releasing CO2 in the atmosphere &#8212-the complete, damn opposite of what the Earth needs right now.

The kind of bad news you&#8217-ll never hear at Caveat Bettor. :-D [See his comment!!]

Previous blog posts by Chris F. Masse:

  • The CFTC is going to close the comments in 9 days. We have 9 days left to convince the CFTC to accept FOR-PROFIT prediction exchanges (e.g., InTrade USA or BetFair USA), and counter the puritan and sterile petition organized by the American Enterprise Institute (which has on its payroll Paul Wolfowitz, the bright masterminder of the Iraq war).
  • Forrest Nelson valids Emile Servan-Schreiber.
  • Averaging One’s Guesses
  • Americans love rankings, but Americans hate to be assessed subjectively.
  • A libertarian view on the Internet betting and gambling industry in the United States of America
  • The CFTC is going to close the comments in 10 days. We have 10 days left to convince the CFTC to accept FOR-PROFIT prediction exchanges (e.g., InTrade USA or BetFair USA), and counter the puritan and sterile petition organized by the American Enterprise Institute (which has on its payroll Paul Wolfowitz, the bright masterminder of the Iraq war).
  • The Numbers Guy

MIDAS ORACLE STATEMENT ON THE PREDICTION MARKET INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION

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Dear Midas Oracle readers,

  1. Chris Masse will never belong to any industry association. Chris Masse is a web journalist on prediction markets and should remain independent.
  2. Midas Oracle will never belong to any industry association. Midas Oracle is a participative media on prediction markets and should remain independent.
  3. Any registered member of Midas Oracle has, of course, the constitutional right to blog here about the newly created prediction market industry association &#8212-positively or negatively.

Prediction Market Proposal: MicroSoft Windows Vista vs. MicroSoft Windows XP

No GravatarIt&#8217-s not the first time that I read an opinion piece lambasting Vista on the CNET site.

I would like to see a long-term prediction market at PopSci PPX on whether Vista will start off and be more popular than XP, one day. I&#8217-d short-sell everything like crazy.

Previous blog posts by Chris F. Masse:

  • Robin Hanson wants to rule the world —just as CEOs and heads of states do for a living.
  • Predictify got funded… Great for those who will be hired… But is it a good thing, overall?
  • Nassim Nicholas Taleb likens modern-day financial markets to medicine in the 1800s, when going to a hospital in London or Paris multiplied your risk of death by four times, he says. Similarly, quants increase risk by deploying flawed financial tools designed to reduce it, he argues.
  • TradeSports-InTrade — Check Deposits
  • BetFair Australia fought for free trade across Australian state boundaries… and won.