In a prediction market, traders buy and sell shares of a stock whose closing price is determined by a real-world event in the future. For example, each share of the Clinton Stock will be worth $1 if Hillary Clinton is the Democratic nominee for president in 2008, otherwise, it will be worthless. If you buy the stock at, say, $0.60, and Clinton goes on to win the nomination, then the stock will be worth $1 and you’-ll have made a profit of $0.40 on each share that you bought. Well done!
However, you don’-t have to wait for the stock to expire before making a profit. You can resell your shares at any time, hopefully for a higher price than what you paid for them. Buy low, sell high, it’-s the secret of success.
Prediction markets offer a most entertaining form of betting directly against other people, with no “-middle man”-. They also allow exciting real-time betting during live events such as sports games. Finally, because, you can “-resell”- your bets at any time, the market allows you to control your risk precisely or to cut your losses. This may not be your usual way of placing bets, but it’-s easy to learn and it’-s well worth it for all the reasons above.
bet2give()bet2give is a so-called “-double auction”- market, where each participant makes offers to buy and sell the stock at his or her chosen price. When a buyer’-s price matches a seller’-s, a trade happens.
To make a “-buy”- offer, you specify the price you’-re willing to pay for the stock and the number of shares you want to acquire. To make a “-sell”- offer, you specify the price you want to sell your shares at, and a number of shares.
When you send your order to the market, it is entered into the “-order book”- where it joins the pool of other participants’- offers. The offers are sorted by price, so that the best-priced offers to buy or sell are always given trading priority: When the highest-priced “-buy”- offer matches the lowest-priced “-sell”- offer, a trade happens whereby the buyer and seller exchange shares for cash.
Buyers and sellers must agree on price, but they don’-t have to agree on the number of shares being traded. For instance, if the buyer wants 10 shares and the seller is only offering 6, then only those 6 shares are traded and the rest of the buyer’-s offer, for another 4 shares, stays in the order book.
If your offer is priced too high or too low to find a counterpart immediately, it stays visible to all in the order book. It may find a counterpart later if the market moves your way, or you may also cancel it whenever you want.
While the outcome is undecided, the market stays open and the trading price moves up and down following supply and demand from the participants. Then, when the market closes, the shares you own are redeemed at the appropriate payoff value.
Strategy 1: Buy low, sell high: The usual way to make money in the market is to “-buy low, sell high.”- This means either buying shares at a lower price than their final payoff value, or buying shares only to sell them back later at a higher price to other participants.
Obviously, the “-buy low, sell high”- strategy only works if the trading price eventually goes up after you buy. If that’-s not the case, you will lose money, but you can still try to cut your losses by selling your shares sooner than later:
Strategy 2: Pre-sell high, buy low: You’-ll want to apply this reverse strategy if you think that the trading price will go down or that the payoff value will be lower than the current trading price. In essence, the market lets you sell shares that you do not yet own, under the strict condition that you must buy them back later. You are hoping, of course, that the price will fall in the meantime so that you can buy the shares back for less money than what you sold them for and pocket the difference.
You are free to choose when to do the buy-back, but if you haven’-t done so by the time the market closes, you will have to buy the shares at the closing price.
How does it work? Technically, pre-selling shares you don’-t own is called “-shorting”- or “-going short,”- and buying them back later is called “-covering your shorts.”- When you go short, you immediately pocket the amount of the sale, but the market also preemptively withholds from your account the maximum potential amount that may be required for the buy-back . Then, when you decide to cover your shorts, the cash that was withheld earlier is automatically used towards that purchase, and you get a refund for the money that wasn’-t used.
In the end, your profit or loss is exactly the difference between the proceeds of the initial sale and the cost of the later buy-back. If the trading price has fallen in the meantime, you make a profit, otherwise, you take a loss.
Strategy 3: Buy a basket: In some cases, like elections, several stocks may be competing against each other so that only one of them will expire at $1 while the others will all expire at $0. In such cases, we give you the possibility to buy baskets of shares containing exactly one share of each stock, for $1. You can then dump the shares you presume will be losers onto unsuspecting buyers, and keep those that you think have a good chance of expiring at $1.
Experienced traders also view this as a cheap way to “-short”- several stocks at once.
Your holdings are the shares that you own in each stock, or the shares that you have pre-sold (your shorts). For each stock, the value of your holdings is estimated from the last trading price like this:
- A share’-s current worth is estimated to be exactly the price at which the last trade occured.
- A short’-s worth is estimated to be the difference between the maximum potential value of a share and the last trading price.
Of course, this is only an estimation. The actual liquidation value of your holdings will be determined by the price at which you are effectively able to sell your shares or cover your shorts when you decide to do so.
If you do many trades, you may encounter a situation in which your portfolio contains both shares owned and shares pre-sold of the same stock. In this case, rather than having to buy-back the shares you pre-sold with cash, you can just use the shares you already own. Each pair of shares owned and pre-sold can be exchanged for exactly the maximum potential value of a share in cash.
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